How Cold Is Too Cold For Dogs?

As winter approaches and temperatures drop, it's crucial to remember that dogs can be just as susceptible to cold as humans, if not more so in some cases. While many dogs have fur coats that provide some protection against the cold, they can still suffer from hypothermia or frostbite if exposed to low temperatures for extended periods. This comprehensive guide explores how cold is too cold for dogs, the effects of low temperatures on our canine companions, how to identify signs of cold stress, and measures to prevent cold-related problems.

(Check out our hot weather guide as well to learn more about pet safety in hot temperatures.)

Understanding Your Dog's Cold Tolerance

Dogs, like humans, have mechanisms to regulate their body temperature in cold weather. While we shiver to generate heat, dogs rely on several methods to stay warm:

Coat Type: Some breeds, such as Siberian Huskies and Newfoundlanders, come equipped with thick, double-layered coats. These breeds are usually more cold-tolerant compared to their counterparts with short, thin-haired coats like Pitbulls and German Shorthaired Pointers. Read here for other dog's coat types.

Size: Small dogs typically lose heat faster than larger ones. In addition, their underbellies can come into contact with snow, making them wet and placing them at a higher risk in frigid temperatures.

Weight: Dogs with a little extra weight tend to stay warmer than thin ones. This simply comes down to the amount of adipose fat tissue and muscle mass that your dog has and the ability to maintain and generate heat.  However, that's not a reason to overfeed your dog during winter. Overweight dogs face numerous health risks that outweigh any potential benefits of staying warm.

Age and Health: Puppies, older dogs, and dogs with health issues may struggle with cold weather due to inefficient heat production and retention. In such cases, providing extra protection like a dog jacket can be helpful.

Moisture: Always be sure to consider the moisture content in the air when taking your dog outside for a walk or letting them prance around the yard. Walking your dog in foggy, windy or rainy conditions when it's below 0 degree Celsius can be far colder for your dog as the moisture will pull heat from them. This is similar to going outside in sub zero temps with wet clothing on! Remember they have fur. 

Signs Your Dog is Too Cold

According to Pet MD, most dogs won't show any discomfort until the temperature drops below 7° C. However, for dogs with thin coats, small breeds, or those who are old or unwell, owners should be cautious once the mercury dips below 0° C. As temperatures plunge below -6.6° C, all dog owners should watch out for potential cold-associated health issues like hypothermia and frostbite in their furry friends.

Long haired or double coated dogs will fair well during cold snaps when compared to short haired and single coated dogs! Additionally, dog with dark coats can absorb heat from the sun more efficiently, so when the suns out, they will be at an advantage compared to dogs with lighter fur coats. 

• Shivering or trembling: Like humans, dogs shiver to generate body heat.
• Hunched posture with a tucked tail: Dogs may try to minimize exposed surface area when cold.
• Whining or barking: Your dog may vocalize their discomfort.
• Anxiety or restlessness: Cold dogs may pace or seem unable to settle.
• Slowed movement or lethargy: As body temperature drops, dogs may become less active.
• Seeking shelter: Dogs may try to find a warm, sheltered spot.
• Lifting paws off the ground: This can indicate that the ground is too cold for your dog's paws.
• Fur standing on end: Piloerection is a sign your dog is trying to stay warm.

Symptoms of Hypothermia in Dogs

Hypothermia is a preventable issue and should be avoided at all costs. Below are symptoms of hypothermia in dogs, according to Colorado's Veterinary Referral * Critical Care hospital (VRCC):

• Curled up
• Shivering
• Lethargy
• Pale skin and gums
• Whining
• Stumbling or lack of coordination
• Dilated pupils
• Low heart rate and low breathing rate

Hypothermia Treatment in Dogs

If your dog shows the signs of hypothermia mentioned above, get them to a warm and dry environment and wrap them in a blanket (but make sure to get off any frozen chunks of snow so that you don't build moisture under the blanket). The VRRC recommends that you place closed warm water bottles around your dog to avoid burning the skin. You may also consider using a blow dryer, just make sure not to keep it too close to avoid burning. 

Consider taking your pet to the nearest veterinarian emergency vet hospital.

Prevention of Hypothermia in Dogs

The single easiest method of avoiding hypothermia is to not leave your dog outside in freezing outdoor temperatures for long and keeps walks short.

Additionally, you might consider the below:

• Bundle your dog in a warm and cozy winter jacket
• Balm on your pets paws to create a layer between their feet and the cold snow, ice and sidewalks.
• Keep the walks short
• Don't leave them outside in the yard for longer than 5-8 minutes

Which dog breeds handle cold weather best?

Some breeds are naturally more adept at handling colder temperatures. While all dogs need protection from extreme cold, these breeds generally cope better in cold weather:

Siberian Husky: Bred for sledding in arctic conditions, they have thick double coats.
Alaskan Malamute: Another arctic breed with a dense, insulating coat.
Saint Bernard: Originally bred for alpine rescue, they have thick fur and large bodies that retain heat well.
Newfoundland: Their water-resistant double coat and large size help them stay warm.
German Shepherd: Their double coat provides good insulation against cold.
Bernese Mountain Dog: With their thick double coat, they're well-suited for cold climates.
Great Pyrenees: Their dense, weather-resistant coat helps them thrive in cold conditions.
Akita: Originally from Japan's mountains, they have a thick, insulating coat.

Which dog breeds are most sensitive to cold?

On the other hand, some breeds are more susceptible to cold-related issues due to their physical characteristics. Extra caution should be taken with these breeds in cold weather:

Chihuahua: Their small size and short coat make them vulnerable to cold.
Greyhound: Despite their athletic build, their short coat and low body fat make them sensitive to cold.
Whippet: Similar to Greyhounds, they have little insulation against cold.
Italian Greyhound: Their thin coat and small size make them particularly susceptible to cold.
Boston Terrier: Their short coat provides little protection against cold weather.
Beagle: While adaptable, their short coat can make them vulnerable in very cold conditions.
Dachshund: Their low-to-the-ground body type can expose them to cold surfaces.
Chinese Crested: Particularly the hairless variety, they have almost no natural protection against cold.

It's important to note that individual dogs within these breeds may have different cold tolerances based on their overall health, age, and specific physical characteristics. Regardless of breed, all dogs need protection from extreme cold and should be monitored closely in winter weather.

Protecting Your Dog from Cold Weather

Quilted Designer Winter Dog Jacket

Key Features:

Dog-Friendly Activities During Winter

When to Seek Veterinary Help